Encapsulation:
==============
what is Encapsulation?
=======================
1) Core concept of OOP.
2) Basic Idea of encapsulation is:
	The wrapping up/Bundling of data members and methods of the class into the single unit.

3) Encapsulation in Python also ensures that objects are self-sufficient functioning pieces and can work independently.

Why do we need Encapsulation?
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1) Provide well-defined and reusable code
2) Prevents the accidental modifications or deletion.
3) Provides the security
4) reusability

Access modifiers:
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are use to restrict or provide the limited access to certain variables/data and/or methods while programming.
==> three types of access modifiers:
	1) Public Members
	2) Private members
	3) Protected Members

Note:
Like java, there are no keyword (public, private and protected) in python.

Encapsulation with Public members:
==================================
Public members can be accessed anywhere within the class or from any part of the program.

Note:
	all the class members are "public" type as default.

# Encapsulation with Public access members

class publicModifiers:
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        # name and age ==> local to the constructor
        # convert the local members to instance variables
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def Age(self):
        # accessing public modifier data
        print("Age of the person is = ",self.age)

    def call(self):
        self.Age()

pmo = publicModifiers("Ravi",31)

# accessing of public access data from outside the class but within the program

print("The Name of the person is = ",pmo.name)

pmo.Age()

pmo.call()

================================================

Encapsulation with Private members:
===================================
private members ==> __
the name of the data should be prefixed with '__' ==> are called as "private members".
ex: __a, __p etc.

# Encapsulation with Private members

class Rectangle:
    # private members
    __length = 0
    __breadth = 0
    __area = 0

    def __init__(self):
        self.__length = 7
        self.__breadth = 9

        # Printing of privarte data in the constructor
        print("The Length = ",self.__length)
        print("The Breadth = ",self.__breadth)

    def Area(self):
        self.__area = self.__length * self.__breadth
        print("The Area = ",self.__area)

rect = Rectangle()

# accessing private data from outside the class

# print("The Length = ",rect.__length)
# print("The Breadth = ",rect.__breadth)

rect.Area()

==============================================

Encapsulation with Protected Members:
=====================================
protected members ==> _
ex: _a, _b etc.


# ENCAPSULATIOON WITH PROTECTED MEMBERS

class details:
    # protected members
    _name = "Kumar"
    _age = 28
    _job = "Developer"

class modification(details):
    def __init__(self):
        print("Name = ",self._name)
        print("Age = ",self._age)
        print("Designation = ",self._job)

obj = modification()
obj1 = details

print("Name = ",obj1.name)
print("Age = ",obj1.age)
print("Designation = ",obj1.job)