DICTIONARY OPERATIONS:
======================
GETTING THE VALUES OF THE DICTIONARY:
====================================
get()
====
==> an inbuilt method
which we can use to get the value of the dictionary according to the specified key.
Syntax:
	dictionary-name.get(key-name)

# get() method

record = {'Amisha' : "99%", "Hyma" : "99%", "Gazala" : '98%'}

# getting the value which is associated to the specified key

val1 = record.get('Hyma')
val2 = record.get("Amisha")
val3 = record.get("Gazala")

print(val1)
print(val2)
print(val3)

# if the specified key is not in the given dictionary, get() can return "None"

val4 = record.get('Ravi')

print(val4)
================================================
values()
=======
==> is an inbuilt method
which we can use to get all the values of the dictionary.
Note: 
=====
	values() cannot required any key as reference for returning the values.

Syntax:
	list_of_values = dictionary-name.values()

# values()

record = {'Apple' : "100Kg","Cherry" : "25kg","Mango" : "100Kg","Kiwi" : "50Kg"}

list_values = record.values()

print(list_values)

# to access the values of the dictionary, we can do traversing

for i in record.values():
    print(i)

========================================================

Getting of the keys from the dictionary:
========================================
keys():
=======
is an inbuilt method 
which we can use to get all the keys of the dictionary in a list format.
Syntax:
	list_keys = dictionary-name.keys()

# keys()

record = {'a' : 111, 'b' : 222, 'c' : 333, 'd' : 444, 'e' : 555}

list_keys = record.keys()

print(list_keys)

# Accessing of keys of dictionary individually

for i in record.keys():
    print(i)

===================================================
Getting of Items of the dictionary in an arbitrary format:
==========================================================
(key, value) ==> arbitrary data

items():
=======
is an inbuilt method
which we can use to get all the items in arbitrary format from the dictionary.
Syntax:
	list-items = dictionary-name.items()

# items()

record = {'a' : 1000, 'e' : 2000, 'i' : 3000, 'o' : 4000, 'u' : 5000}

list_items = record.items()

print(list_items)

for i in record.items():
    print(i)

================================================
Aliasing To Dictionary:
======================
# Dictionary Aliasing

d1 = {'a':11,'b':22,'c':33,'d':44,'e':55}

d2 = d1	# alias

print("Before the modification:")
print("Address of Dictionaries are:")
print(id(d1))
print(id(d2))

print("The Given Dictionaries are:")
print(d1)
print(d2)

d2['e'] = 1221

print("After the modification:")

print("Address of Dictionaries are:")
print(id(d1))
print(id(d2))

print("The Given Dictionaries are:")
print(d1)
print(d2)

Cloning of the Dictionary:
==========================

copy()
======
is an inbuilt method
which we can create the new dictionary from another dictionary.
Syntax:
	new-dict = old-dict.copy()

# dictionary cloning using copy()

d1 = {'a' : 101, 'e' : 11001, "i" : 121,'o':1221,'u' : 12221}

d2 = d1.copy()

print("Before the change on the dictionaries:")

print("The Addresses are:")
print(id(d1))
print(id(d2))

print("The Dictionaries are:")
print(d1)
print(d2)

d1['e'] = 97

print("After the change:")

print("The Addresses are:")
print(id(d1))
print(id(d2))

print("The Dictionaries are:")
print(d1)
print(d2)

================================================

setdefault():
=============
Syntax:
	dict-name.setdefault(key,value)

# setdefault()

d1 = {}

print(d1)

d1.setdefault('abc',1221)
d1.setdefault('pqr',9779)
d1.setdefault('xyz',7997)

print(d1)

# if the specified keys is already in the dictionary

d1.setdefault('pqr',12345)

print(d1)

===================================
update():
========
to add one dictionary data to another dictionary, we can use, update()
Syntax:
	dict1.update(dict2)


# update()

d1 = {'a':1,'e':5,'i':25,'o':125,'u':625}

d2 = {'p':111,'q':222,'r':333}

print("The Given Dictionaries are:")
print(d1)
print(d2)

d1.update(d2)

print("Dictionaries after change are:")
print(d1)

=====================================

# WAP IN PYTHON TO FIND NUMBER OF OCCURRENCES OF EACH VOWEL PRESENT IN THE GIVEN STRING

"""
str = "Object-Oriented Programming Language"

vowels = ['a','e','i','o','u'}

Op:
'O' ==> 2
'e' ==> 4
"""

data = input("Enter a string:")
vowels = {'a','A','e','E','i','I','o','O','u','U'}

record = dict()

for i in data:
    if i in vowels:
        record[i] = record.get(i,0)+1

for j,k in sorted(record.items()):
    print(j,"Occurred",k,'times')
print(d2)