DATATYPES:
==========
==> IN HOW MANY WAYS, THE DATA IN PYTHON CAN BE ALLOWED TO DEFINE
==> ALL THE DATATYPES IN PYTHON ARE "INBUILT" OR "PRE-DEFINED" DATATYPES
	BECAUSE, FOR EACH DATATYPE THERE IS A INBUILT/PRE-DEFINED CLASS
==> CLASS ===> A COLLECTION OF DATA AND METHODS
	THE DATA OR METHODS OF A CLASS CAN BE ALLOWED TO ACCESS USING AN OBJECT.
==> WHEN ANY DATA DEFINITION IN PYTHON CAN BE AN OBJECT.

ex: a = 10
	integer
		class : int
			integer ==> multiple forms: decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal
			methods: bin(), oct(), hex(), int() etc.

THE DATATYPES OF PYTHON CLASSIFIED INTO:
	1) PRIMITIVE DATATYPES
	=======================
		==> ALL FUNDAMENTAL DATATYPES ARE "PRIMITIVE" DATATYPES
		==> when we are required to define a single data/value in a program 
			primitive datatypes are used.
		==> CLASSIFIED INTO:
			NUMERICAL TYPES
				WITH ONLY NUMBERS LIKE: 0 TO 9
				ARE:
					INTEGER TYPE ==> WHOLE NUMBERS (0 TO 9)
					FLOAT TYPE ==> NUMBER WITH DECIMAL POINT
					COMPLEX TYPE ==> REAL & IMAGINARY
			NON-NUMERICAL TYPES
				WITHOUT DIGITS
				ARE:
					BOOLEAN : True and False (keywords)
			TEXT TYPES
				when a data is represented with single quotes or double quotes
				'xyz' or "python", "1234" etc.
				string datatype
	2) NON-PRIMITIVE DATATYPES
		are also called as "collection types"
		when we want to define group of values,
			non-primitive datatypes are used.
		ex: [1,2,3,4], {1,3,5,7,9} etc.
		classified into:
			1) Sequential Datatypes
				ordered
				list, tuple, bytes, bytearray
			2) Non-Sequential Datatypes
				unordered
				sets and frozensets
			3) Mapping Datatypes
				key and value
				Dictionary datatype
			
				ex: facebook registration
				{full name: xxxxxxx,
				user name: xxxxx,
				mobile: 908866}

=====================================================
NUMERICAL DATATYPES:
====================
1. INTEGER DATATYPE
===================
==> INBUILT DATATYPE
	CLASS NAME: int
		type()
==> INTEGER DATA CAN BE ALLOWED TO DEFINE WITH FOUR DIFFERENT FORMS:
	1) DECIMAL FORM
	===============
		==> BASE-10 NUMBER
			CAN BE ABLE TO DEFINE WITH: 0 TO 9
		EX: 100, 123, 9876 etc.
		==> DEFAULT DATATYPE IN PYTHON
			EX: A = 123; B = 1100 ETC.
	2) BINARY FORM
	==============
		==> BASE-2 NUMBER
			CAN BE ABLE TO DEFINE WITH: 0 AND 1
			EX: 101, 110, 111 ==> DECIMAL
		==> A BINARY IN PYTHON CAN BE PREFIXED WITH: 0b/0B
			EX: 0B101, 0b110, 0B111 ==> BINARY
		==> A binary data with other than 0 and 1 ==> Syntax Error.
	3) OCTAL FORM
	=============
		==> BASE-8 NUMBER
			REPRESENT: 0 TO 7
		EX: 167, 1456 ETC ==> DECIMAL
		==> IN PYTHON, THE OCTAL DATA REPRESENTATION ALWAYS BE PREFIX WITH '0o'OR '0O'.
		EX: 0o167, 0O1456 ETC ==> OCTAL
	4) HEXADECIMAL FORM
	===================
		==> BASE-16 NUMBER
			REPRESENT: 0 TO 9 AND ALPHABETS (A TO F/a TO f)
		==> also called as "ALPHA NUMERIC VALUE"
		==> PREFIX WITH: 0X/0x
		EX: 0X112279, 0X1AF23 ETC.
		==> a/A = 10, b/B = 11, c/C = 12, d/D = 13, e/E = 14, f/F = 15

# Decimal Data Representation

a = 110
b = 9876

# Binary Data Representation

c = 0b111
d = 0B101
# e = 0b1223

# Octal Data Representation

e = 0o167
f = 0O14567

# Hexadecimal Data Representation

g = 0XAF1122
h = 0x1122

print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(c))
print(type(d))
print(type(e))
print(type(f))
print(type(g))
print(type(h))

print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
print(d)
print(e)
print(f)
print(g)
print(h)

=====================================================
Base Conversions
================
decimal ==> binary
binary ==> decimal
decimal ==> octal
decimal ==> hexadecimal etc.

The inbuilt methods for base conversions are:
	bin()
	oct()
	hex()

bin()
====
	==> a method, used to convert any base value (decimal/octal/hexadecimal) into base-2 (binary)
	Syntax:
		bin(Decimal value/Octal Value/Hexadecimal Value)


3-bit binary:
============
Octal literals
===============
0 ==> 000
1 ==> 001
2 ==> 010
3 ==> 011
4 ==> 100
5 ==> 101
6 ==> 110
7 ==> 111

4-bit binary:
=============
Hexadecimal 

0 ==> 0000
1 ==> 0001
2 ==> 0010
3 ==> 0011
4 ==> 0100
5 ==> 0101
6 ==> 0110
7 ==> 0111
8 ==> 1000
9 ==> 1001
a ==> 10 ==> 1010
b ==> 11 ==> 1011
c ==> 12 ==> 1100
d ==> 13 ==> 1101
e ==> 14 ==> 1110
f ==> 15 ==> 1111


a = 100     # decimal
b = 0o112   # octal
c = 0x12a   # hexadecimal

# print(bin(a,b,c))   # type error
print(bin(a))
print(bin(b))
print(bin(c))