Object Oriented Programming
===========================

High level programming language
	control statements
	functions etc.
		if, else, elif, while, for, def etc.

C, C++, Python, Java, C# etc.

Functional nature
	C ==> printf(), scanf(), putchar(), getchar(), fprintf() etc.
	Python ==> len(), id(), print() etc.
Object Oriented 
	OOPs Concepts ==> Class, Object, Methods, Encapsulation etc.
		C++, Python
Scripting Nature
	Perl, Shell Script, Python

classified into three types:
============================
	Structured ==> cannot support any of OOPs Concepts
		Ex: C (Functions, Pointers, Structures, Unions etc.)
		Python 
	Object Based ==> can support only: class and object
		Ex: VB Script
	Object Oriented ==> can support all the OOPs concepts
		Ex: C++, Python, Java, C# etc.

OOPs (Object Oriented Programming System)
	Features:
		Class, Object, Methods, Constructors, Destructors,
		Encapsulation, Polymorphism, Inheritance, Data Abstraction etc.

Why OOPs?
=========
1) Simpler
2) Reusability
3) Override data
	fun1():
		a+b
	fun1():
		a*b
4) Security
	Encapsulation, Data Abstraction etc.

===========================================
Class in Python:
================
==> Collection of attributes (data) and Behavior (Methods) is called as "Class".
==> Blueprint of object.
==> Logical Entity.
==> No memory is required.

Person:
	name
	gender
	age
	dob
	designation

	behaviors:
		study()
		work()

person-1:
	name : Amisha
	gender : female
	age : 24
	Software Engineer

	work(): working at abc Pvt Ltd
	study(): she can study 2 hours per a day.

person-2:
	name : Hyma
	gender : Female
	age : 25
	Software Engineer
	work() : at xyz
	study() 3 hrs/day

Object:
=======
An instance of the class.
using Object, we can access all the attributes and methods of the class.
Physical Entity.
Memory is required.

Creation of the class:
======================
keyword: class

Syntax:
=======

class any-identifier(class-name):
	attributes/data
	methods


creation of an object:
=====================
object-name (identifier) = class-name()

Accessing of Attributes of the class using an object:
=====================================================
object-name.member-name

Note:
====
for one class, we can define any number of objects.

===============================================

Changing of Attribute values using an object:
=============================================

class Person:
    name = "Amisha"
    gender = "female"
    age = 24
    # members of the class.

user1 = Person()

# Accessing of class data/attributes
# print(user1.name)
name_user = user1.name
print(name_user)

print(user1.gender)
print(user1.age)

user2 = Person()
user2.name = "Hyma"
user2.age = 25

print(user2.name)
print(user2.gender)
print(user2.age)

user3 = Person

user3.name = "Gazala"
user3.age = 22

print(user3.name)
print(user3.gender)
print(user3.age)

============================================
Class with methods:
===================
method:
=======
like the function,
	method is also the named block
		which it can use to define the block of code for the specific task.
	keyword: def

Method Vs Function:
===================
function ==> always define in outside the class.
method ==> always define in inside the class.
====================
Syntax:
=======
class class-name:
	def method-name(self,par1, par2, par3,...):
		method implementation
		return

here:
	self ==> parameter without value
	describing that the method is belonging to the specific class.

Accessing of methods of class using an object:
=============================================
object-name.method-name(val1, val2, val2,..)

class Person():
    def work(self):
        return "I am working at ABC Corporation Limited."

    def study(self):
        return "I am Studying for 5 hours a day after my work."

us1 = Person()

print(us1.work())
print(us1.study())

Note:
====
to use the attribute of class inside the method of the same class:
	self.attribute-name

class Student:
    name = input("Enter the name:")
    cls = input("Enter the class section:")
    gender = input("Enter gender:")
    roll = input("Enter roll:")

    def studentInfo(self):
        print("The Name of the student = ",self.name)
        print("The Section of Student = ",self.cls)
        print("The Gender = ",self.gender)
        print("The Roll of the student = ",self.roll)

stu1 = Student()
stu2 = Student()

# stu1.studentInfo()
stu2.studentInfo()

==========================

class Calculator:
    a = 100
    b = 200

    def addition(self):
        res1 = self.a + self.b
        print("The Sum = ",res1)

    def muliplication(self):
        res2 = self.a * self.b
        print("The Multiplication = ",res2)

calci = Calculator()

print("Attributes of class are = ")
print(calci.a)
print(calci.b)

# calling methods of the class
calci.addition()
calci.muliplication()