Checking the Datatype of an array:
==================================
dtype:
======
	==> a property
	which we can use to get the datatype of an array.
	Syntax:
		array-name.dtype

import numpy
a = numpy.array([1,2,3,4,5])
b = numpy.array([1-2j,1+2j,3-4j,3+4j])
c = numpy.array([1.2,0.01,2.1,0.001,2.3,0.0001])

d = numpy.array([1,3,5,7,9],dtype = numpy.float16)

print("The Datatype of an array a = ",a.dtype)
print("The Datatype of an array b = ",b.dtype)
print("The Datatype of an array c = ",c.dtype)
print("The Datatype of an array d = ",d.dtype)

===============================================
Creation of an array with defined datatype:
============================================
Integer Array:
==============
Syntax:
	numpy.array(object, dtype = numpy.int)

import numpy

# Integer Array
a = numpy.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9])
b = numpy.array([1,3,5,7,9],dtype = numpy.int8)

print("The Array a = ",a)
print("The Type of an array a = ",a.dtype)
print("The Array b = ",b)
print("The type of an array b = ",b.dtype)

==================================================

import numpy as np
# creating the integer array from float values
a = np.array([1.2,2.3,3.4,4.5,5.6])
b = np.array([1.2,2.3,3.4,4.5,5.6],dtype = np.uint16)
c = np.array([1+2j,1-2j,2-3j,2+3j])
# d = np.array([1+2j,1-2j,2-3j,2+3j],dtype = np.uint8)
d = np.array([True, False, False, True, True])
e = np.array([True, False, False, True, True],dtype = np.uint8)

print("The Given array a = ",a)
print("The Type of an array a = ",a.dtype)

print("The Given array b = ",b)
print("The Type of an array b = ",b.dtype)

print("The Given array c = ",c)
print("The Type of an array c = ",c.dtype)

# print("The Given array d = ",d)
# print("The Type of an array d = ",d.dtype)

print("The Given array d = ",d)
print("The Type of an array d = ",d.dtype)

print("The Given array e = ",e)
print("The Type of an array e = ",e.dtype)

============================================================
Type Conversion
===============
	==> Also called as "Type casting"
		which we can use to convert the type of array from one form to another form
	==> There are two types of type conversion:
		1) Internal Type Conversion
			==> Type conversion can be by the computer 
			==> Automatic type casting

a = 12
b = 12.23
c = 0

print(type(a),type(b),type(c))

c = a + b

print(type(a),type(b),type(c))

		2) External Type Conversion
			the programmer/user can perform the type casting according to the requirement.

a = 12
b = 12.23
c = 0

print(type(a),type(b),type(c))

c = a + b

print(type(a),type(b),type(c))

a = float(a) # External Typecasting

print(type(a),type(b),type(c))

==> To perform the External type casting:
	1) astype()
	2) cast()

1) astype()
===========
Syntax:
	source_array-name.astype(numpy.datatype)

import numpy

a = numpy.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10])

print("The Given Array = ",a)
print("The Type of array a = ",a.dtype)

# typecasting using astype()
# integer array ==> float array

a_float = a.astype(numpy.float32)

print("The Given Array = ",a_float)
print("The Type of array a = ",a_float.dtype)

# integer array to complex array
a_complex = a.astype(numpy.complex64)

print("The Given Array = ",a_complex)
print("The Type of array a = ",a_complex.dtype)

====================================================
cast():
=======
	NumPy have given list of built-in functions for external type casting:
		1) int8()
		2) int16()
		3) int32()
		4) int64()
		5) uint8()
		6) uint16()
		7) uint32()
		8) uint64()
		9) float16()
		10) float32()
		11) float64()
		12) complex64()
		13) complex128()

import numpy

a = numpy.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10])

print("The Array = ",a)
print("The type of array = ",a.dtype)

a1 = numpy.uint8(a)

print("The Array = ",a1)
print("The type of array = ",a1.dtype)

# Typecasting with cast()
# integer array to float

a_float = numpy.float16(a)
a_float1 = numpy.float64(a)

print("The Array = ",a_float)
print("The type of array = ",a_float.dtype)

print("The Array = ",a_float1)
print("The type of array = ",a_float1.dtype)

# integer array to complex array
a_complex = numpy.complex64(a)

print("The Array = ",a_complex)
print("The type of array = ",a_complex.dtype)