Input-Output (IO) Operations:
==============================

a = 10		# compile time definition
print(a)	# 10

Variable:
=========
a named memory which can store of any value
the data/value of variable can be varied.
variable can define in two ways:
	1) compile time variable definition ==> direct value assignment
		program can define a variable with fixed data
	2) run time variable definition
		during the time of the running of the program, we can assign a value from the keyboard
		we can change for every execution time.

Input ==> use to perform input actions
	to take any value or any type of data during the run-time of the program
	to define the input operation there is an inbuilt method:
		input()

input()
=======
	1) we can use to read a value from the keyboard during the execution of the program.
	Syntax:		
		identifier = input()

		identifier = input("text")
	2) input() can always read/take the data in string format only.
	3) to take data as integer/float/complex/Boolean etc.,
		we can do the type casting/type conversion to input()
	ex: to take integer as an input:
		int(), we can perform type casting to input()
	Syntax:
		datatype(input())

# input operation

a = input()
b = input("Enter a value for b:")
c = int(input("Enter an integer value:"))
d = float(input("Enter a float value:"))
e = complex(input("Enter a complex value:"))
f = bool(input("Enter a boolean value:"))

print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(c))
print(type(d))
print(type(e))
print(type(f))

Note:
====
To read any flavor of integer data (binary/octal/hexadecimal):
	Syntax:
		int(input()) ==> we can read only the decimal value ==> base-10 value

	Syntax:
		int(input(),base-value)

1) to read a binary value:
	identifier = int(input(),2)
2) to read an octal value:
	identifier = int(input(),8)
3) to read a hexadecimal value:
	identifier = int(input(),16)

a = int(input("Enter a binary value:"),2)
b = int(input("Enter an octal value:"),8)
c = int(input("Enter a hexadecimal value:"),16)
d = int(input("Enter a decimal value:"))

print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(c))
print(type(d))

===============================================================
Output Operation
================
==> to write/print anything on the screen, output operation is used.

print()
=======
	an inbuilt method, we can use to print any data/value on the screen.
	Syntax:
		print(identifier)	==> to print the value
		print(text)		==> to print a text

1) Printing of the text:
========================
	Syntax:
		print('text can with single quotes or with double quotes')

2) Printing of values:
======================
	Syntax:
		print(Identifier)

Note:
====
==> Python statement may or may not be terminated with semi-colon.
==> But, when we want to define two or more statements within the same line of the program we must be separate those statements with semi-colon.

3) Printing of Values along with the text:
==========================================
Ex: The value of a = 123 and the value of b = 234
123 is the value of a and 234 is the value of b
a = 123 and b = 234

Syntax:
	i) print("text with single quote or double quote", identifier)
	ii) print("text1",var1,"text2",var2,"text3",var3)
	iii) print(value,'text1',val2,'text2',val3,'text3')
	iv) print('text with % % % symbol'%(val1,val2,val3))

4) Printing of text along with values using format()
====================================================
==> string formatting
Syntax:
	print("text1 {} text2 {} text3 {}".format(val1,val2,val3))

# printing of text

print("Hi, Good morning.");print('Hello all. Welcome to Python Class.')

# Printing of values

a = 'This is Python Class'
b = "Welcome all to update yourself in IT career."
c = 100

print(a);print(b);print(c)

# Printing values along with text
d = 123.234
e = True
f = "String"

print("The Value of c = ",c)
print("The Value of d = ",d)
print("The Value of e = ",e)
print("The value of f = ",f)
print("The Value of c = ",c,"value d = ",d,"value e = ",e,"value of f = ",f)
print(c,"is the value of c",d,"is the value of d",e,"is the value of e",f,"is the value of f")

print("The Value of c = %s value of d = %s value of e = %s and value of f = %s"%(c,d,e,f))

# the above one is called as "string interpolation operation"
# the interpolation is fixed with %s

print("The Value of c = %s value of d = %s value of e = %s and value of f = %s"%(d,e,c,f))

print("The Value of c = {} value of d = {} value of e = {} and value of f = {}".format(c,d,e,f))
print("The Value of c = {} value of d = {} value of e = {} and value of f = {}".format(d,f,c,e))

=======================================================

Assignment:
==========
1) WAP IN PYTHON TO ACCEPT AN OCTAL VALUE AS AN INPUT AND PRINT ITS DECIMAL, BINARY AND HEXADECIMAL.

0O11273 ==> DECIMAL, BINARY, HEXADECIMAL
		print(var-name, bin(var-name),hex(var-name))