PYTHON PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS
===============================
COMMENTS:
========
PROGRAM INTO TWO PARTS:
	1) EXECUTABLE PART
		WILL PROVIDE THE OUTPUT AFTER THE EXECUTION
	2) NON-EXECUTABLE PART
		WILL NOT PROVIDE ANY OUTPUT
		ARE CALLED AS "COMMENTS" OR "DOCUENTATION"
		FOR INCREASING THE READABILITY OF THE PROGRAM.
		NOT MANDATORY
		NOT OPTIONAL
		BUT SUGGESTABLE.
		IN ANYWHERE OF THE PROGRAM FILE.
	==> COMMENTS CAN BE WRITE IN TWO WAYS:
		WITHIN A SINGLE LINE	==> SINGLE LINE COMMENT ==> #
		WITHIN MULTIPLE LINES	==> MULTI LINE COMMENT ==> TRIPLE QUOTES (''' ''' OR """ """)

KEYWORDS
========
==> ALSO CALLED AS "RESERVED WORDS"
	ARE PRE-DEFINED WORDS IN PYTHON
		WHICH CAN BE ASSISTED WITH SOME MEANING OR SOME FUNCTIONALITY.
==> THERE ARE TOTAL OF 35 KEYWORDS
SPECIAL VALUES ==> True, False, None
conditions ==> if, elif, else
looping ==> while, for etc.

# WAP IN PYTHON TO MAKE LIST WITH KEYWORDS AND PRINT THEM.

"""
In Python: there is a module (file) which named as "keyword".
In this module(file), there is a name which named as "kwlist"
The "kwlist" in keyword module, pointing all the available keywords.
to list all the keywords of python, we should import the "keyword" module using import keyword.
"""

import keyword

a = keyword.kwlist
'''
a is the name (identifier), can be used to represent the list of keywords
and printed using print().
'''

print(a)

['False', 'None', 'True', 'and', 'as', 'assert', 'async', 'await', 'break', 'class', 'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except', 'finally', 'for', 'from', 'global', 'if', 'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'nonlocal', 'not', 'or', 'pass', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'with', 'yield']

===============================================================
IDENTIFIER
==========
==> a name
in python, we can able to define multiple entities like: variables, functions, classes, objects, methods etc.
==> while programming, to name any entity
	we need an identifier.

Rules to define an Identifier:
=============================
1) ALLOWED CHARACTERS:
	ALPHABETS:
		UPPER CASE ==> A TO Z
		LOWER CASE ==> a to z
	DIGITS : 0 TO 9
	ONLY ONE SPECIAL CHARACTER: UNDERSCORE (_)
2) IDENTIFIER NEVER START WITH A DIGIT.
EX: 99abc = 100 ===> Syntax Error.

99abc = 100

print(99abc)

3) IDENTIFIER SHOULD START WITH EITHER ALPHABET OR WITH UNDERSCORE.

_99abc = 100
abc = 200

print(_99abc)
print(abc)

4) IF THE KEYWORD IS AN IDENTIFIER ==> SYNTAX ERROR.
no keyword is an identifier.

5) NO OTHER SPECIAL CHARACTERS ARE ALLOWED TO DEFINE IDENTIFIER.
(SYNTAX ERROR)

6) IDENTIFIERS ARE CASE SENSITIVE.
if the same name can accessed with multiple cases ==> Name Error.

CASE OF TEXT WHILE NAMING:
	LOWER CASE ==> abc
	UPPER CASE ==> ABC
	TITLE CASE ==> Abc def ghi
	CAPITALIZE CASE ==> Abc Def Ghi
	CAMEL CASE ==> abc Def Ghi ==> suggested

7) NO LIMIT IN LENGTH OF IDENTIFIER

_99abc = 100
abc = 200
# import = 300
# ab@c = 300
a = 400
aaabbababbababababababbababababababbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb = 123

print(_99abc)
print(abc)
# print(import)
# print(ab@c)
# print(ABC)
print(a)
print(aaabbababbababababababbababababababbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb)

==================================================================================
 

DATATYPES
=========
==> type of the data
==> all datatypes in python are: inbuilt datatypes/pre-defined datatypes
	for each datatype, we have one class which is pre-defined
==> that every data, can be reserved with some memory

type()
=====
==> pre-defined method,
	used to know the type of the data
	or class name of the data
Syntax:
	type(data)

# Knowing of type of the data

a = 100
b = 1.2233
c = True
d = 'eeff'

print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(c))
print(type(d))


id()
====
==> pre-defined method
	used to get the address of any data
Syntax:
	id(data)

a = 100
b = 0.001
c = False
d = 'e'

print(id(a))
print(id(b))
print(id(c))
print(id(d))


print()
======
==> pre-defined method
	used to print anything on the screen
Syntax:
	print(data/id()/type())














VARIABLES
TYPE CONVERSION
IO OPERATIONS