OPERATORS
=========

10 + 20 ==> TWO VALUES: 10 AND 20 AN OPERATION ==> SUM
10 - 5 ==> SUBTRACTION IS THE OPERATION
10 * 5 ==> MULTIPLICATION IS THE OPERATION
10 / 5 ETC. ==> DIVISION IS THE OPERATION

A = 10
B = 20
C = 5

A + B
A - C
A * C
A / C

OPERAND
=======
==> IS A DATA/VALUE ON WHICH WE CAN DEFINE AN OPERATION
==> OPERAND CAN BE A VALUE OR VARIABLE

OPERATOR
========
==> AN OPERATOR IS A SYMBOL, WHICH DENOTES AN OPERATION

EXPRESSION
==========
AN EXPRESSION IS THE COMBINATION OF OPERANDS AND OPERATORS

STATEMENTS
==========
==> A PROGRAM IN GENERAL CAN DEFINE WITH MORE THAN ONE LINE
==> THAT EACH LINE IN A PROGRAM ==> STATEMENT
==> STATEMENT DESCRIBES: THE ACTION IN THE PROGRAM

a = 10
b = 20
if a > b:
	big = a
else:
	big = b

BLOCK OF STATEMENTS
====================
==> also called as "group of statements"
==> with indentation (a tab space ==> 4 sequel spaces) 

ex: In Python
a = 10
b = 20
if a > b:
	s = a - b
	print(s)
else:
	s = a + b
	print(s)

In Java:
=======
class Operation{
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		int a = 10;
		int b = 20;
		if(a>b)
		{
			s = a-b;
			System.out.println(s);
		}
		else
		{
			s = a + b;
			System.out.println(s);
		}
	}
}

TYPES OF OPERATORS
==================
CLASSIFIED INTO THREE TYPES:
	1) UNARY OPERATORS ==> ARE ALWAYS BE DEFINED WITH SINGLE OPERAND/VALUE.
	EX: +EVE TO -EVE ==> -NUMBER ==> '-' UNARY MINUS
	LOGICAL NOT ==> not
	BITWISE COMPLEMENT ==> ~

	2) BINARY OPERATORS ==> ARE ALWAYS BE DEFINED WITH TWO OPERANDS/VALUES.
	EX: A + B, A * B, A - B ETC.

	3) TERNARY OPERATORS ==> ARE ALWAYS BDE DEFINED WTH THREE OPERANDS/VALUES.
	EX: CONDITIONAL OPERATOR

ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS
RELATIONAL OPERATORS
LOGICAL OPERATORS
BITWISE OPERATORS
CONDITIONAL OPERATOR
SPECIAL OPERATORS
	MEMBERSHIP OPERATORS
	IDENTITY OPERATORS
	RANGE OPERATOR
	TYPECAST OPERATOR

ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
====================
UNARY PLUS ==> +
UNARY MINUS ==> -
ADDITION ==> +
SUBTRACTION ==> -
MULTIPLICATION ==> *
NORMAL DIVISION ==> /
FLOOR DIVISION ==> //
MODULO DIVISION ==> %
EXPONENT OPERATOR ==> **

a = 100
b = 123

print("The number with positive sign = ",+a)
print("The number with negative sign = ",-b)
print("The addition = ",a+b)
print("The subtraction = ",a-b)
print("The Multiplication = ",a*b)
"""
normal division ==> quotient value in float format
floor division ==> quotient value in integral format
modulo division ==> remainder value
"""
print("The Quotient in floating format = ",a/b)
print("The Quotient in integral format = ",a//b)
print("The Remainder = ",a%b)

# exponent operator ==> power operator

print("a to power 7 = ",a**7)
print("b to power 9 = ",a**9)

==========================================

ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS
=====================
Symbol : =
==> binary operator
==> when we want to assign any value to expression/variable, assignment operator is used.
Syntax:
	identifier = value
a = 100
a + b = 200
a - b = 300
a = c + b
==> from right side to left side.

ASSOCIATIVITY
=============
==> THE DIRECTION OF ORDER TO SOLVE AN EXPRESSION

PRECEDENCE
==========
==> THE RANK/ORDER OF THE OPERATOR

RES = 10 + 20 * 3 /7**2//3 - 15 % 3

ARITHMETIC EXPRESSION:
	ARITHMETIC OPERATORS ARE CLASSIFIED WITH FOUR RANKS:
		UNARY PLUS AND UNARY MINUS ==> HIGH PRECEDENCE
		** ==> SECOND
			ASSOCIATIVITY ==> LEFT TO RIGHT
		*, /, //, % ==> THIRD
			ASSOCIATIVITY ==> LEFT TO RIGHT
		+, - ==> FOURTH
			ASSOCIATIVITY ==> LEFT TO RIGHT

NOTE:
	ASSIGNMENT OPERATOR ==> LEAST PRECEDENCE OPERATOR

10 + 20 * 3 /7**2//3 - 15 % 3
==> 10 + 20 * 3 / 49 // 3 - 15 % 3
==> 10 + 60 / 49 // 3 - 15 % 3
==> 10 + 1.2244//3 - 15 % 3
==> 10 + 0 - 15 % 3
==> 10 + 0 - 0
==> 10 - 0
==> RES = 10

COMPOUND OPERATOR
=================
	+=, -=, *=, /=, //=, %=, **=

EX: A += 10 ==> A = A + 10
A -= 10 ==> A = A - 10
A *= 10 ==> A = A * 10

a = 10

print(a)
# a += 10
a = a + 10
print(a)

a = 10

# a -= 10
a = a - 10
print(a)

a = 10
# a = a * 5
a *= 5
print(a)

====================================

RELATIONAL OPERATORS
====================
==> ALSO CALLED COMPARISION OPERATORS
==> RETURN: BOOLEAN VALUES (True/False)
==> BINARY OPERATORS

<	==>	less than
>	==>	greater than
<=	==>	less than or equals to
>=	==> 	greater than or equals to
==	==>	equals to
!=	==>	not equals to

a = 10
b = 20

print(a > b)
print(a < b)

print(a >= b)   # a > b or a == b
print(a <= b)   # a < b or a == b

print(a == b)
print(a != b)

============================================

LOGICAL OPERATORS
=================
THREE TYPES:
	1) LOGICAL AND	==> and
	2) LOGICAL OR	==> or 
		==> binary operators
	3) LOGICAL NOT	==> not
		==> Unary operator
==> FUNCTIONALITY CAN BE DEFINED WITH "TRUTH TABLE".

1) LOGICAL AND	==> and
=======================

print(True and True)
print(True and False)
print(False and True)
print(False and False)

# if the first operand ==> non-zero value,output ==> second operand value
# if the first operand ==> zero value, output ==> zero only without decoding the second operand

# with integers

print(10 and 20)    # 20
print(-10 and 0b1101)   # 13
print(0o1122 and -30)   # -30
print(0 and 0x1122) # 0
print(0b11010 and 0)    # 0

# with floats
print(-12.3 and 20.3)

# with complex
print(10-20j and 0-0j)

# with strings
print('' and 'b')      # ''
print('r' and '')      # ''
print('r' and 'b')     # 'b'


	a	b	a and b
	=======================
	True	True	True
	True	False	False
	False	True	False
	False	False	False

print(True and True)
print(True and False)
print(False and True)
print(False and False)

# if the first operand ==> non-zero value,output ==> second operand value
# if the first operand ==> zero value, output ==> zero only without decoding the second operand

# with integers

print(10 and 20)    # 20
print(-10 and 0b1101)   # 13
print(0o1122 and -30)   # -30
print(0 and 0x1122) # 0
print(0b11010 and 0)    # 0

# with floats
print(-12.3 and 20.3)

# with complex
print(10-20j and 0-0j)

# with strings
print('' and 'b')      # ''
print('r' and '')      # ''
print('r' and 'b')     # 'b'