Python Datatypes:
=================
Datatypes:
	2-types:
		1) Primitive Datatypes
			all fundamental datatypes
				Number type/Numerical type: integer, floating-point and complex data
				Non-numerical type: Boolean Datatype (True/False)

Integer Literals:
=================
==> Pre-defined/inbuilt datatype
	every data representation is an object for one specific class.
Ex: integer data ==> object ==> Int class
==> 4-ways:
	1) Base-10/Decimal value : 0 to 9
		ex: 1223, 1098 etc.
		no prefix is needed for decimal data
	2) Base-8 / Octal Value : 0 to 7
		prefixed with: 0O/0o
		ex: 0o1212
	3) Base-2/Binary Value : 0 and 1, can always be prefixed with '0b' or '0B'.
		ex: 0B1100110 
	4) Base-16/Hexadecimal value: 0 to 9 and A to F
		can always prefix with '0X' or '0x'
		ex: 0x1122ff etc.

# Decimal

a = 100
b = 1993

# Octal
c = 0O117722
d = 0o1765

# Binary
e = 0b110011

# Hexadecimal
f = 0X11ffe4

print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(c))
print(type(d))
print(type(e))
print(type(f))

2) Floating-point:
==================
pre-defined class: "float"
==> an inbuilt datatype.
==> can be define in two ways:
	1) using decimal point
	========================
		Note:
			we can always consider the decimal literals only for float data definition.
	Ex: 12.234, 0.1110022 etc.

	2) using scientific notation
	=============================
		exponential form
		ex: 12e-7, 0.5e9

# decimal point

a = 0.9876

# exponential form

b = 1.2e-7
c = 7E9

print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(c))

3) Complex Data:
================
==> an inbuilt datatype
	a pre-defined class ==> complex
==> the combination of real data and imaginary data.
Syntax:
	real +/- imaginary

Note:
=====
1) real data ==> integer (decimal/binary, octal, hexadecimal) and float
Ex: 12+13j, 0b11001 - 13j, 0o1762+14j, 0xaaf12 - 123j, 123.234+23j ==> correct
2) Imaginary data ==> Decimal and floats

a = 12 + 23j
b = 0b11001 - 24j
c = 0o1723 + 25j
d = 0Xaf123 - 97j

# e = 21 - 0b11001j
e = 21.34 - 31.24j

print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(c))
print(type(d))
print(type(e))

===============================================
Non-numerical type:
===================
==> Boolean 
	can define with only two values {True, False}
True ==> 1
False ==> 0
==> An inbuilt datatype
	pre-defined class ==> "bool"

a = True
b = False

print(type(a))
print(type(b))

print(a + a)    # 2
print(a + b)    # 1
===========================================
2) Collection Datatypes
=======================
==> four types:
	1) Sequential Datatypes
		String Datatype
		List Datatype
		Tuple Datatype
		
	2) Non-Sequential Datatypes
		set datatype
		frozen set datatype
	3) Mapping Type
		key : value
		Dictionary
	4) Byte Type
		0 to 255
		bytes datatype
		bytearray datatype