Operators:
==========
Tokens:
========
	==> 5-different types of tokens in any language
		to write/understand programs
		1) Keywords
		2) Identifiers
		3) Datatypes
			Pre-defined : int, float, complex, bool
		4) Operators
		5) Strings

Operand
=======
	123 + 121
	a = 12
	b = 21
	c = a + b

==> a data/value/variable on which we can define an operation is called an "Operand".

Operator:
========
==> a symbol which denote an operation
ex: + ==> sum/addition

Expression
==========
combination of operands with operator is called as an "Expression"
Ex: c = a + b
here:
	c, a, b ==> operands
	+, = ==> Operators
	= ==> Assignment

Statement
=========
The line of program is called a statement.

a = 12
b = 13
f = a
g = h
c = a-b
d = a+b
e = a * b

print(c)
print(d)
print(e)

Note:
====
In Java/C/C++ ==> statements should terminate with semicolon (;).
But, In Python the statement may or may not be end with semicolon.

==> The expression within the program terminate in a line act as a statement but the statement Should not be an expression.

Types of Operators
===================
Three types:
	1) Unary Operators
	2) Binary Operators
	3) Ternary Operators

==> Unary Operator can always define with single operand.
Ex: not True ==> False
not False ==> True

-7 ==> Unary minus defined to 7 for changing the sign from plus to minus.

==> Binary Operator can always define with two operands.
Ex: 12 < 13
12 == 12

==> Ternary Operator can define with more than two operands
Ex: Conditional Operator
Syntax:
	result = test-condition if value1 else value2

We have:
	1) Arithmetic Operators
	2) Assignment Operator
	3) Relational Operators
	4) Logical Operators
	5) Bitwise Operators
	6) Conditional Operators
	7) Special Operators

1) Arithmetic Operators
========================
a = 10
b = 11

# +, -, *, /, //, %, **

print("The Sum = ",a+b)
print("The Difference = ",a-b)
print("The Product = ",a*b)
# / ==> normal division operator can return a quotient value in floating-point format.
print("The Quotient = ",b/a)
# // ==> floor division operator can return a quotient value in integral format.
print("The Quotient = ",b//a)
# % ==> Modulo division operator can return a remainder
print("The Remainder = ",b%a)
# ** ==> Exponent Operator/Power Operator
# 2 ^ 5 = 32
print("The Power = ",2**5)
============================================
2) Assignment Operator
=======================
# =
# to assign the value to the variable
# or to assign the expression to the variable
# or to assign a value to the expression we can use "assignment operator".

a = 12
b = a - 1

# usually, the assignment operator can work from right to left

print(a)
print(b)

# Compound Operator
# +=, -=, *=, /=, //=,%=, **=
# a = a + b
a += b # a = a + b
print(a)
print(b)

# a = a - b
a -= b # a = a - b
print(a)
print(b)

# a = a * b
a *= b
print(a)
print(b)

===================================================
3) Relational Operators
========================
# also called as "comparison operators"
# <, >, <=, >=, ==, !=
# Binary Operators
# return a value ==> Boolean value (True/False)

a = 12
b = 13
c = 12

print(a < b)    # True
print(a > b)    # False
print(a <= b)   # either a < b or a == b
print(a <= c)
print(a >= b) # either a > b or a == b
print(a == b)   # False
print(a != b)   # True

=============================================
Logical Operators:
==================
Logical and Operator:
=====================
# Logical operators: three
# and
# or
# not

# In java: && (and), || (or) and ! (not)
# and/or ==> Binary operators
# not ==> unary operator

# and/or/not: boolean, integer, float, complex, strings

print(True and True)    # True
print(True and False)   # False
print(False and True)   # False
print(False and False)  # False

# any non-zero value (+eve/-eve) should be "True"
# zero value ==> False
# when logical and can define on boolean values, the output ==> boolean value
# when the logical and can define with integers, the output ==> integer value
# when the left hand side operand is "non-zero" value, the output ==> "right-side operand" value
# when the left side operand is "0",the output = '0' (without checking the second)

print(10 and -10)   # -10
print(10 and 0)     # 0
print(-10 and -1)   # -1
print(0 and -10)    # 0

print(0.1 and -1.9)
print(0-0j and 1-2j)
print('a' and 'b')
print('a' and '')
=========================================================
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