Modules
Packages & File Handling
Exception Handling
Logging Module
Debugging
OOPs Principles
Multi-Threading
Numpy
Pandas
Arrays

Modules:
========
==> collection/group of:
	functions,
	variables,
	classes
		saved into a file
==> python file ==> .py file

# this is the .py file
# module

a = 1221    # global variable

def addition(p,q):
    print("The Sum of two numbers = ",p+q)

def product(p,q):
    print("The Product = ",p*q)

==> In the above module:
	we have:
		one variable
		two functions
==> each element/definition within the module ==> a member
==> to use any of the members of the  module in your program, you should import module.
Syntax:
	import module-name 
==> To access the member from the imported module:
Syntax:
	module-name.member-name

import module1

print("The Global Variable from module1 Module is = ",module1.a)

print("Calling Addition method from module1:")
module1.addition(100,121)

print("Calling Product Method from module1:")
module1.product(123,11)
=================================================
Module Aliasing:
================
==> Rename the module at the time of importing into another python file is called as "Module Aliasing".

Syntax:
	import module-name as Alias-name/New-Name

import module1 as XApp

print("Variable from outer module is = ",XApp.a)

XApp.addition(121,1221)
XApp.product(11,123)
=======================================================
How to import selected member from the module into python file?
===============================================================
Syntax:
	from module-name import member-name

from module1 import addition,product

addition(1234,4321)

# print(module1.a)
# module1.product(12,13)

product(123,321)

====================================
from module1 import *

print(a)
addition(10,20)
product(12,13)

==================================
Do we import two modules into same file?
=========================================

from module1 import addition,product
import module2 as m2

addition(1234,4321)

# print(module1.a)
# module1.product(12,13)

product(123,321)
m2.product(1234,23)
=============================================
Do we alias members of the modules?
====================================
Yes.

from module1 import addition as add,product as pro

# addition(123,4321)
add(1234,4321)
pro(123,87)
==================================
dir()
====
==> to find the members of a module, dir() can be used.

# this is the .py file
# module

a = 1221    # global variable

def addition(p,q):
    print("The Sum of two numbers = ",p+q)

def product(p,q):
    print("The Product = ",p*q)

print(dir())
==============================================
__name__:
=========
==> a special variable in python
	used to check whether the python file is executing as normal file or as module.
==> if __name__ == '__main__' ==> python file is executing as normal file.
==> if __name__ == module-name ==> python file is executing as module

def fun1():
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        print("This file is executing as individual python file.")
    else:
        print("This file is executing as module.")

fun1()

===========================
import practice5

practice5.fun1()
=============================================
Math Module:
============

from math import *

print(sqrt(79))
print(ceil(1.2233))
print(ceil(1.9579))
print(floor(1.2233))
print(floor(1.99999999))
print(ceil(123))
print(floor(123))
print(sin(30))

import math

help(math)