Datatypes:
==========
3-things described:
	1) type of the data
	2) memory
	3) range of values

1) Integral Datatypes:
======================
	byte Datatype ==> byte
		1-bite = 8-bits
		256 values
		-128 to 127

short Datatype ==> short
=========================
Syntax:
	short variable-name = value;
	
size ==> 2-bytes = 16-bits
total values ==> 2^16 ==> 65536
range of values: -32768 to + 32767

class Datatypes{
    public static void main(String[] x)
    {
        short a;    // declaration
        
        // a = -32768;
        // a = -32769;
        // a = 0;
        // a = 32767;
        a = 32768;
        
        System.out.println(a);
    }
}

========================================
int datatype:
============
keyword: int
==> memory size = 4-bytes == 32-bits
==> total values ==> 2^32 ==> 4294967296
==> Range ==> -2147483648 to 2147483647
	-(2^32)/2 to ((2^32)/2)-1
==> Syntax:
	int variable-name = value;

class Datatypes{
    public static void main(String[] x)
    {
        int a;
        
        // a = 2147483648;
        a = 0;
        
        System.out.println(a);
    }
}

==========================================
Long Datatype:
==============
keyword: long
Syntax:
	long variable-name = value;
==> memory size ==> 8-bytes ==> 64-bits
==> total value ==> 2^64
==> range ==> -(2^64/2) to (2^64/2)-1

Strongly Typed Programming Language:
====================================
High-level programming languages
	C, C++, Python, Java etc.
==> classified into three types:
	based on the data definition
		1) Statically typed
		2) Dynamically Typed
		3) Strongly Typed

Order for integral datatypes:
=============================
long ==> int ===> short ==> byte

====================================================
Floating-Point Datatypes:
=========================
==> two types:
	1) float datatype ==> float
		==> 4-bytes
		1.230000 ==> single precision float data
	2) double datatype ==> double
		==> 8-bytes
		==> double precision float data
		ex: 1.23000000000000
Note:
====
float data can always suffix with 'f'/'F'
for the double data, no suffix is required.

class Datatypes{
    public static void main(String[] x)
    {
        float f;
        double d;
        
        f = 1.23f;
        // d = 1.23F;
        d = 1.233;
        
        System.out.print(f);
        System.out.println(d);
    }
}

========================================
Order of data:
==============
float >> int

double >> float >> long >> int >> short >> byte

===========================================

Boolean Datatypes:
==================
keyword: Boolean
Syntax:
	boolean var-name = value;

memory: 1 byte
values: true and false
Note:
=====
true ==> never be '1' in java
false ==> never be '0' 

true + true ==> 2

double >> float >> long >> int >> short >> byte >> boolean

==================================================
Character Datatype:
===================
keyword: char
==> In C: char ==> 1-byte ==> ASCII (American Standard Code Information Interchange)
	defined with total 256 integer values.
	ex: A to Z ==> 65 to 90
	a to z ==> 97 to 122
	0 to 9 ==> 48 to 57
==> char data can always define with single quotes.
==> with in the single quotes only one character we can place.
ex: 'a', '1', '@' etc.
'ab' ==> Error
==> In Java:
	char ==> 2-bytes ==> 65536 characters
	Unicode dependent

double >> float >> long >> char >> int >> short >> byte