STRINGBUFFER:
=============
==> it is another class for the string handling from "java.lang" package.

About Strings:
==============
	1) Group of characters which must be enclosed with double quotes.
	Ex: "String"
	2) Strings are immutable
		ex: toLowerCase()
		s1 = s1.toLowerCase()
	3) Thread safe objects

What is StringBuffer:
======================
==> it is one of the built-in class
==> like the strings:
	stringbuffer is the group of characters which must be enclosed with double quotes.
==> StringBuffer ==> Mutable object
==> Thread safe objects 

=====================================
How to Create the stringbuffer?
===============================
String s1 = "Hello"; // string literal==> SCP
String s2 = new String("Hello"); // string object ==> Heap memory

1) StringBuffer never allow to define in literal format.
2) StringBuffer can always allow to define in object format only.
Syntax:
	StringBuffer object-name = new StringBuffer("Value");

class StringBufferDefinition{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // StringBuffer sb = "Hello All";
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("Hello");
        
        System.out.println("The Given String Buffer Object value = "+sb);
    }
}
=======================================================
How the stringbuffer is mutable?
================================
append():
========
	adding the stringbuffer-content at the end of another stringbuffer-content
ex: "Hello"
append(" World")
==> Hello World

Syntax:
	stringBufferObject.append("value");

class StringBufferDefinition{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        StringBuffer s1 = new StringBuffer("Java ");
        StringBuffer s2 = new StringBuffer("Programming ");
        StringBuffer s3 = new StringBuffer("Language");
        
        System.out.println("The Given String Buffers are = ");
        System.out.println(s1);
        System.out.println(s2);
        System.out.println(s3);
        
        s1.append(s2);
        
        System.out.println("The Given String Buffers after the modification are  = ");
        System.out.println(s1);
        System.out.println(s2);
        System.out.println(s3);
        
        s1.append(s3);
        
        System.out.println("The Given String Buffers are = ");
        System.out.println(s1);
        System.out.println(s2);
        System.out.println(s3);
    }
}

Note:
=====
We can append any value to stringbuffer using append()

class StringBufferAppendOperation{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("Hello");
        
        System.out.println(sb);
        
        sb.append(123);
        System.out.println(sb);
        
        sb.append(12.23f);
        System.out.println(sb);
        
        sb.append(true);
        System.out.println(sb);
    }
}
==========================================
substring():
===========
	==> to access the part of the content between specified index, subString() can be used.
Syntax:
	stringbuffer-object.substring(start-index, end-index)

Note:
=====
subString() can return a string.

class SubStringMethod{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("Java Programming Language");
        
        String s1 = sb.substring(10);
        String s2 = sb.substring(10,20);
        
        System.out.println(sb);
        System.out.println(s1);
        System.out.println(s2);
    }
}

=============================================================
insert():
=========
=> can add the content in the stringbuffer content at the given index position.
Syntax:
	stringbuffer-object.insert(index, conent);

class InsertionOfData{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("Hello");
        
        System.out.println(sb);
        
        sb.insert(2,'L');
        
        System.out.println(sb);
        sb.insert(3,"java");
        System.out.println(sb);
    }
}
====================================================
length():
========
==> return the total number of  characters from the given stringbuffer.
Syntax:
	sb.length()

capacity():
===========
==> return the volume (total space in the memory) of the stringbuffer
Syntax:
	sb.capacity()

class LengthVsCapacity{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        StringBuffer sv = new StringBuffer("Hello");
        
        System.out.println("The Length = "+ sv.length());
        System.out.println("The Capacity = "+sv.capacity());
        
        sv.append(" world!");
        
        System.out.println("The Length = "+ sv.length());
        System.out.println("The Capacity = "+sv.capacity());
        
        sv.append("123456789");
        
        System.out.println("The Length = "+ sv.length());
        System.out.println("The Capacity = "+sv.capacity());
        
        sv.insert(10,"0");
        
        System.out.println("The Length = "+ sv.length());
        System.out.println("The Capacity = "+sv.capacity());
        
        sv.append("12345678901234567890135");
        
        System.out.println("The Length = "+ sv.length());
        System.out.println("The Capacity = "+sv.capacity());
    }
}

Note:
=====
Length ==> number of characters 
capacity ==> length + 16-spaces

while modification:
	length < capacity
		length ===> number of characters
		capacity ==> o-length + n-length + spaces 

	length > capacity
		length ==> number of characters 
		capacity ==> length * 2

========================================